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-
- FAQ for the second extended file system
- Last updated on 93/10/18
-
-
- This file contains the answers to some frequently asked questions
- regarding the second extended file system.
-
- Q: I have created an ext 2 fs on my root file system and, every time I boot
- Linux, I see these messages :
- MINIX-fs magic match failed
- EXT-fs: magic match failed
- Does it mean that Linux doesn't recognize my root file system ?
-
- A: No.
- When Linux boots, it tries to mount the root file system using the
- different file system types :
- - it first tries to mount / as a minix file system, discovers that it
- is not a minix fs and displays the first error message,
- - then it tries to mount / as an extended file system, discovers that
- it is not an extended fs and displays the second error message.
- Recent versions of the kernel use a silent flag to prevent these warning
- messages. If you upgrade your kernel, they will go away.
-
- Q: After the two error messages, I see :
- [EXT II FS 0.2c, 93/03/06, bs=1024, fs=1024, gc=##, bpg=##, ipg=####]
- EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked file system
- Does it mean that there is a problem with the file system ?
-
- A: Usually no.
- In fact, the ext 2 fs keeps a valid flag on the disk. This flag is set to
- 0 when the file system is mounted and set to 1 when it is unmounted. The
- valid flag is checked by e2fsck to know if a file system needs checking (if
- the flag is set to 1, e2fsck assumes that the file system is clean and does
- not check it).
-
- The root file system is the only fs which cannot be unmounted so the valid
- flag is always set to 0. When booting, the kernel mounts it and checks its
- valid flag. As this flag is set to 0, it displays a warning.
-
- You can safely ignore this warning for the root file system. Note that it
- is a good idea to run e2fsck on the fs.
-
- Note that linux 0.99pl10 and above support unmounting the root file system
- by remounting it in read-only mode. Remounting a file system read-only
- restores the valid flag. To take advantage of it, you have to use the
- bootutils package.
-
- Q: I have tried to create an ext 2 file system with mke2fs and it dies with
- 'Out of memory'. What is the problem ?
-
- A: The problem comes from mke2fs itself. mke2fs eats lots of memory to create
- a file system since it creates a memory copy of the inode table. The
- problem has been fixed in recent versions (0.2c+ or above).
-
- So, upgrading your mke2fs and e2fsck programs will solve the problem.
-
- Q: I have tried to create an ext 2 fs with mke2fs and it dies with the
- message :
- mke2fs: Unable to find a block for the block bitmap
- or :
- mke2fs: Unable to find a block for the inode bitmap
- or:
- mke2fs: Unable to find a block for the inode table
- What is the problem ?
-
- A: An ext 2 fs is made of several blocks groups. Each group contains a copy
- of the super block, a copy of the fs descriptors, two bitmap blocks and
- a part of the inode table. Each group is 8192 blocks long.
-
- When you create a file system, mke2fs divides the total number of blocks by
- 8192 to compute the number of groups. Then, it tries to write the control
- informations into each group. Sometimes, the last group may be too small to
- contain these informations and mke2fs simply dies when it detects the
- problem.
-
- This bug has been fixed in version 0.3d, so upgrading solves the problem.
-
- Q: When I run df, it shows that my ext 2 fs is more than 100% full. Is it
- normal ?
-
- A: Yes.
-
- Each ext 2 fs contains some blocks which are reserved for the super user
- (i.e. which cannot be allocated to normal users). df uses the statfs()
- system call which returns a structure containing :
- - f_blocks : the total count of allocated blocks,
- - f_bfree : the total count of free blocks,
- - f_bavail : the count of free blocks available to normal user.
-
- df divides f_blocks by f_bavail to compute the block allocation percentage.
- In an ext 2 fs where root has allocated most of the block, f_blocks is
- greater than f_bavail so the allocation percentage is greater than 100%.
-